In the early 1960s, increasing enrollment in local Catholic high schools prompted Bishop Lane of Rockford to ask the Dominican Sisters of Springfield, Illinois, to staff an all girls' high school in Aurora, Illinois. The school was officially chartered on July 31, 1961. It was to be located on a twenty-acre campus on North Edgelawn Drive. Bishop Lane presided at the ground-breaking ceremonies on Sunday, July 11, 1962. On August 8, 1963, Bishop Lane announced the name of the school to be Rosary High School.

Rosary was granted recognition by the Illinois Office of Public Instruction in May 1966, with an enrollment of 217 students and Rosary became a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools in April 1967. Now, years later, Rosary continues to educate the young women of the Fox Valley area by affirming the unique gifts of young women.